Tag: True

  • True Decentralization Can be Achieved With Oracles

    True Decentralization Can be Achieved With Oracles

    [ad_1]

    The term ‘oracle’ has become quite commonly used within crypto circles across the globe in recent years, and rightly so. This is because these novel offerings are designed to connect various blockchain projects with a wide array of off-chain data, thus allowing for the advent of many novel use cases.

    That said, most traditional oracles are faced with two core issues. Firstly, they require a centralized entity/intermediary to facilitate their access to external, real-time data — as a result of which third parties can potentially alter the data being supplied to it. Secondly, centralized oracles often have to forego many of the privacy advantages put forth by smart contracts, thereby posing major risks to the system’s overall security.

    A smart contract can be thought of as a program/transaction protocol designed to automatically execute, administer and note relevant events and actions as per the terms of a predefined digital agreement.

    Decentralized oracles explained

    As highlighted earlier, centralized oracles serve as single, stand-alone entities that provide data from an external source to a smart contract operating within a set governance framework. As a result, they, more often than not, feature a single point of failure that can result in them being corrupted or being attacked.

    On the other hand, decentralized oracles can be visualized as a group of independent oracles where each node operating within the network is capable of acting on its own accord — i.e., having the ability to work solo and retrieve data from an off-chain source.

    Since they don’t have any sort of dependence on a “single source of truth”, the overall authenticity, and veracity of the data being supplied to the associated smart contract can be verified with an extremely high degree of efficacy.

    To elaborate, most high-quality Decentralized Oracle Networks (DONs) provide their clients with highly specific security features such as data integrity proofs (that use cryptographic signatures); data validation modules using multi-layer aggregation (so as to eliminate downtime-related issues); crypto-economic guarantees as well as other optional features such as zero-knowledge proofs.

    From an operational standpoint, decentralized oracles are ideal for use within a complex business environment but need a high level of financial investment — especially when it comes to setting up the project’s native infrastructure as well as paying for its general upkeep/maintenance.

    The issues with oracles in their present form

    While the transparency and decentralization aspect of most oracle-based platforms is quite intriguing, at least on paper, it should be noted that such propositions are only valid insofar that the information being supplied to a particular blockchain is “tamper-proof”. Now that being said, it is worth looking into the question of who really has the power to authenticate this data?

    In fact, this question has been looked at in-depth by many blockchain experts and arises whenever a digital asset has to be linked to its physical counterpart.

    As an example, whenever the transfer of ownership relating to a physical commodity (for example a necklace) has to take place between two people, the smart contract associated with the deal has to be supplied with data ensuring the validity of the supplied information.

    To achieve this, a third party is usually required for the verification of events taking place in the real world. And while many projects have sought to alleviate this pain point in recent years, the issue is still quite prevalent today.

    Decentralized Oracle solutions

    Chainlink

    One of the most popular oracle networks in the market today, Chainlink is best described as a decentralized network of nodes capable of delivering its users a wide range of real-time info from external data sources. The platform’s native smart contract architecture is automated and is able to perform actions as and when certain predefined conditions are satisfied.

    Chainlink’s network is designed to help process real-world data associated with a number of feeds ranging from asset prices to sports data to shipping data to weather data. As a result of its multifaceted utilitarian structure, the platform is currently being used by a number of prominent DeFi projects such as Aave, Kyber Network, Synthetix, amongst others.

    QED

    QED can be thought of as a future-ready decentralized oracle designed to connect a wide number of blockchain networks and their associated smart contracts with external data sources seamlessly. Operationally speaking, QED Oracles utilize ‘external collateral’ as a bond to their smart contract theory mitigating many systemic risks that may have otherwise entered the fray.

    Furthermore, the platform uses a ‘reliability scoring’ mechanism that determines the oracle’s capital efficiency while weeding out any poor performers from within the ecosystem. Lastly, QED has been built atop a blockchain that features no single point of failure and does not make use of a centralized verification system — allowing for a higher level of operational efficacy and overall security.

    Witnet

    Simply put, Witnet is a decentralized oracle network (DON) that not only connects smart contracts to real-world data sources but also allows third-party software to gather certain, specific info published by a given web address at any given point in time in its lifecycle, that too with verifiable proof.

    It is worth mentioning that Witnet comes with a highly developed, holistic blockchain as well as a native digital asset that miners have the option of securing in lieu of retrieving, attesting and delivering web content.

     

     

    [ad_2]

    Source link

  • How A Game-Changing Decentralized Synthetic Exchange Aims to Unlock the True Value of Commodities and Digital Assets On-Chain

    How A Game-Changing Decentralized Synthetic Exchange Aims to Unlock the True Value of Commodities and Digital Assets On-Chain

    [ad_1]

    The barter system, where you trade your cow for someone else’s grains, for instance, is probably older than you think. It has its roots dating back to 6000 BC when Mesopotamian tribes first made exchanges with other groups.

    Those methods of exchange worked well before things like the Internet or decentralized technology existed. Trading was necessary not because commodities have financial value or even industrial utility, but because they were necessary for survival. Back then, societies weren’t as worried about gold or silver as they were about grains, milk, and beans.

    Today, even though society is living in a time where artificial intelligence, automation, blockchain technology and decentralization are going to make means of exchange far more democratic, and private than ever before, commodities still derive their value from the same things.

    Agricultural goods provide us with a means to nourish ourselves and survive. Energy in the form of oil, natural gas etc. allows us to keep the lights on and keep the economy moving, and precious metals provide us with industrial utility and the ability to hedge against inflation.

    Here’s the thing. The above commodities are non-fungible. They are not so easy to trade. That means no matter how valuable they are, some of that value is sucked away by old-world value chains. Thus, it remains out of the hands of the everyday individual.

    That’s why Comdex is launching a decentralized exchange (DEX) for synthetic assets. So that value can be unlocked and participants all around the world can benefit from such an unlocking event.

    What Are Synthetic Assets?

    In blockchain, a synthetic asset is a tokenized version of another asset, whether the latter is tangible or intangible. In the case of commodities, blockchain can be used to tokenize physical assets as well as their financial representations, be it oil, gold or silver. Comdex operates a DEX listing synthetic assets representing all types of commodities.

    The benefits of synthetic assets are enormous, as they allow users to trade the real-world value of a commodity without the complexities inherent in holding the non-fungible good itself.

    Comdex Alleviates the Pain Points Associated with Nonfungible Commodities Exchanges

    The Comdex Decentralized Synthetics Exchange allows participants to act as:

    • Traders (who engage in buying and selling of cAssets against CMDX using cSwap)
    • Minters (who can create and open collateralized debt positions in order to obtain a newly minted cAsset. They must maintain a minimum collateral ratio of 150% to avoid liquidation.)
    • Liquidity Providers who provide equal amounts of cAssets and CMDX so that users can facilitate trades and providers can benefit from rewards and transaction fees.)
    • Stakers (who can earn CMD tokens using Omniflix and Unagii)

    The interface itself is easy to navigate. The team and the project are mission-driven. The whole point of the launch of this product is to alleviate the pain points that come with commodities and digital assets.

    Participants get the real-world benefit of on-chain diversification of assets. The benefit from the security and transparency a decentralized synthetic asset exchange can provide. They also don’t have to worry about the cumbersome nature of the logistics and storage that typically comes with investing in physical goods and commodities.

    Why Trade Synthetic Assets?

    Comdex anticipates that demand on its platform will expand at an accelerated pace given the benefits of synthetics over trading the physical assets themselves. Synthetic assets address multiple risks, including:

    • Confiscation or ban risk – the recent decision of US President Joe Biden to ban oil and gas imports from Russia shows that the commodity market may be unpredictable and struggle with uncertainty. Sometimes governments can go even further by confiscating commodities altogether. Synthetics cannot be confiscated and trading cannot be banned as they reside on a decentralized infrastructure.
    • Theft risk – storing gold coins under your bed can make you happier, but this is not the safest approach for sure. The risk of theft is considerable, and the problem is that your home insurance policy might cover any sizable investment as most insurance packages stipulate clauses preventing cover on high-value items like gold bars. Elsewhere, synthetics can’t be stolen if you keep your private key safely.
    • Third-party risk – even if you give up storing physical items and decide to invest in futures contracts, you will most likely end up storing them with a third-party custodian like a bank or broker. Unfortunately, there is always an insolvency risk associated with any centralized organization, including banks, shipping companies, or brokers. In the case of bankruptcy, you can own your investments partially or entirely. Since synthetics are stored on the blockchain, there is no third-party risk.

    On top of that, synths come with great benefits that can help traders have peace of mind about their commodity investments:

    • Easy access – with synthetics, you can get exposure to any commodity market without any obstacle. All you need to have is an internet connection and an account with Comdex.
    • Costs – if you trade physical commodities or their futures, you have to be ready to pay broker fees, as well as storage, conversion, transportation, withdrawal, and other fees. Trading commodity synthetics reduce the costs to a minimum thanks to the efficient use of resources.
    • No Expiry of futures contracts – trading commodity futures may be problematic for investors, as in theory, they are obligated to take delivery of the physical goods once the contract expires. Synthetics function 24/7 with no expiry.

    Comdex is striving to revolutionize how people engage in commerce with commodities by merging decentralized technologies with real-world assets. The hybrid approach to this new robust decentralized synthetic asset exchange is going to change the game for good.

    The question is, are you ready for it?

     

    Image: Pixabay

     

    [ad_2]

    Source link

  • True decentralization is the only thing that will save DeFi projects

    True decentralization is the only thing that will save DeFi projects

    [ad_1]

    Hester Pierce of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission — colloquially known as ‘Crypto Mom,’ has warned of rampant “shadow-centralization” within the decentralized finance (DeFi) sector.

    Speaking to outspoken DeFiWatch founder Chris Blec in an August 4 discussion streamed by The Defiant, the SEC commissioner noted that decentralized organizations and DeFi are new concepts for regulators and that: “having a peer-to-peer system that doesn’t have central intermediaries is very different from what we’re normally dealing with.”

    “If you want to be decentralized, you really need to be decentralized, and that is going to then put you in a different category from the perspective of regulators because that’s just not something that we’ve dealt with before.”

    “If regulators can find a centralized part or group of people that they can grab hold of, they will grab hold of them. So I think it’s just good to be cautious about how you build things because, down the road, it could have regulatory implications,” she added.

    Blec asked for Pierce’s opinion on the best route for developing decentralized protocols, asking if founders should strive to reach the same level of decentralization as Bitcoin, or start to build “really cautiously and then running towards regulation” to avoid running afoul of the law.

    The commissioner said that existing regulations have been designed so that “any entity or person that is involved in the financial industry is probably going to come under at least one regulatory framework.”

    Pierce urged DeFi founders who believe they are engaged in new activities that do not fall under the framework of existing legislation to engage regulators and “figure out if there’s an alternative way […] to comply.”

    “If you want to make a case that you’re something different than the CeFi or TradFi system, then you have to show that you’re doing something radically different, which from my perspective, requires decentralization.”

    “If the trust is really coming from the code, that’s something very different than if the trust is coming from one company or a group of people,” she added.

    The commissioner also noted the prevalence of “shadow-centralization” within the DeFi sector, where opaque governance structures can lead to a protocol being subject to centralized control despite wearing the banner of decentralization in its marketing.

    Related: SEC has no authority over crypto, CFTC commissioner argues

    However, Pierce urged regulators to adapt to decentralized innovation, stating: “regulators need to do a better job of figuring out how to work with innovators.”

    “That’s part of the reason our financial system is so concentrated,” she continued. “Because the only people who can afford to wait to get the approvals are people who have a lot of money already and who can have really good lawyers already.”

    On the question of what Satoshi Nakamoto’s experience would look like should they have engaged the SEC before launching Bitcoin, Pierce stated:

    “It’s 2021, it would be very likely that Satoshi would still be […] trying to get a no-action letter.”