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  • Bitcoin Leads As Markets Sees Record Outflows. Bear Market Incoming?

    Bitcoin Leads As Markets Sees Record Outflows. Bear Market Incoming?

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    Bitcoin and altcoins have not had the best week according to reports coming out of the market. The crypto market as a whole has been enjoying months of continuous inflows following hot on the heels of the recent market rally. It has pushed crypto-assets such as bitcoin towards new highs as inflows had hit a new record alongside assets under management. But it seems that this is changing.

    Coming off the back of what was 17 consecutive weeks of inflows, the market is now seeing movement in the opposite direction. While assets such as ethereum had previously recorded outflows at various times, they had been isolated to a select few. Now the whole market is seeing its first week of outflows after four months of inflows, setting a record at the same time.

    Related Reading | Millennial Millionaires Are The Most Bullish On Crypto, Survey Finds

    Largest Record Outflows

    The total amount of outflows for last week came out to a total of $142 million. This marked the first week of outflows after a 17-week inflows streak that brought assets under management towards record highs. Not only was this the first week of outflows following over four months of inflows, but it is also the largest weekly outflow from the crypto market on record.

    This follows an impressive rally from the crypto market where major cryptocurrencies touched towards a new high. There have been sell-offs all across the market as investors have taken profit and institutional investors are not left out. However, the outflows, despite being a record high, represent only a small total (0.23%) of the asset under management and are also meager compared to the outflows of 2018 that touched as high as 1.6% of total AuM.

    The total inflows for the year had reached a record high of $9.5 billion, almost 50% higher than the record that was set in 2020 of $6.7 billion. So despite the outflows, inflows for the year still remain at a record high.

    CoinShares also notes that the crypto market is not the only one that has recorded outflows either. Risk assets have all seen outflows after the U.S. Fed had released its statement on tapering.

    Bitcoin Leads Outflows

    Bitcoin took the lead for the asset with the most outflows for the week. The digital asset had seen its price plummet back to below $50,000 since hitting its all-time high of $69K but had continued to maintain inflows in the weeks following that. This marks the first outflows for over 17 weeks but remains firmly below outflows levels recorded in June that touched as high as $150 million.

    Related Reading | Struggling Prices Beats Bitcoin Expectations Down From $100K To $50K

    Ethereum has alternated between inflows and outflows for the last 17 weeks. The second-largest cryptocurrency also saw record outflows for the week with a total of $64 million in outflows as it continues to counter bitcoin’s outflows.

    Solana, Polkadot, and multi-asset investment products were spared of the onslaught as they saw $6.7 million, $2.5 million, and $1.5 million in inflows respectively.

    Bitcoin price chart from TradingView.com

    BTC recovers above $48K | Source: BTCUSD on TradingView.com
    Featured image from Wikipedia, chart from TradingView.com

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  • Incident Post Mortem: November 23, 2021

    Incident Post Mortem: November 23, 2021

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    Summary

    Between 4:00 pm and approximately 5:36 pm PT on Tuesday, November 23rd, we experienced an outage across most Coinbase production systems. During this outage, users were unable to access Coinbase using our websites and apps, and therefore were unable to use our products. This post is intended to describe what occurred and the causes, and to discuss how we plan to avoid such problems in the future.

    The Incident

    On November 23rd, 2021, at 4:00pm PT (Nov 24, 2021 00:00 UTC) an SSL certificate for an internal hostname in one of our Amazon Web Services (AWS) accounts expired. The expired SSL certificate was used by many of our internal load balancers which caused a majority of inter-service communications to fail. Due to the fact that our API routing layer connects to backend services via subdomains of this internal hostname, about 90% of incoming API traffic returned errors.

    Error rates returned to normal once we were able to migrate all load balancers to a valid certificate.

    Chart depicting overall 90% error rate at our API routing layer for duration of incident.

    Context: Certificates at Coinbase

    It’s helpful to provide some background information about how we manage SSL certificates at Coinbase. For the most part, certificates for public hostnames like coinbase.com are managed and provisioned by Cloudflare. For certificates for internal hostnames used to route traffic between backend services, we historically leveraged AWS IAM Server Certificates.

    One of the downsides of IAM Server Certificates is that certificates must be generated outside of AWS and uploaded via an API call. So last year, our infrastructure team migrated from IAM Server Certificates to AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). ACM solves the security problem because AWS generates both the public and private components of the certificate within ACM and stores the encrypted version in IAM for us. Only connected services like Cloudfront and Elastic Load Balancers will get access to the certificates. Denying the acm:ExportCertificate permission to all AWS IAM Roles ensures that they can’t be exported.

    In addition to the added security benefits, ACM also automatically renews certificates before expiration. Given that ACM certificates are supposed to renew and we did a migration, how did this happen?

    Root Cause Analysis

    Incident responders quickly noticed that the expired certificate was an IAM Server Certificate. This was unexpected because the aforementioned ACM migration had been widely publicized in engineering communication channels at the time; thus we had been operating under the assumption that we were running exclusively on ACM certificates.

    As we later discovered, one of the certificate migrations didn’t go as planned; the group of engineers working on the migration uploaded a new IAM certificate and postponed the rest of the migration. Unfortunately, the delay was not as widely communicated as it should have been and changes to team structure and personnel resulted in the project being incorrectly assumed complete.

    Migration status aside, you may ask the same question we asked ourselves: “Why weren’t we alerted to this expiring certificate?” The answer is: we were. Alerts were being sent to an email distribution group that we discovered only consisted of two individuals. This group was originally larger, but shrank with the departure of team members and was never sufficiently repopulated as new folks joined the team.

    In short, the critical certificate was allowed to expire due all of three factors:

    1. The IAM to ACM migration was incomplete.
    2. Expiration alerts were only being sent via email and were filtered or ignored.
    3. Only two individuals were on the email distribution list.

    Resolution & Improvements

    In order to resolve the incident we migrated all of the load balancers that were using the expired IAM cert to the existing auto-renewing ACM cert that had been provisioned as part of the original migration plan. This took longer than desired due to the number of load balancers involved and our cautiousness in defining, testing, and applying the required infrastructure changes.

    In order to ensure we don’t run into an issue like this again, we’ve taken the following steps to address the factors mentioned in the RCA section above:

    1. We’ve completed the migration to ACM, are no longer using IAM Server Certificates and are deleting any legacy certificates to reduce noise.
    2. We’re adding automated monitoring that is connected to our alerting and paging system to augment the email alerts. These will page on impending expiration as well as when ACM certificates drop out of auto-renewal eligibility.
    3. We’ve added a permanent group-alias to the email distribution list. Furthermore, this group is automatically updated as employees join and leave the company.
    4. We’re building a repository of incident remediation operations in order to reduce time to define, test and apply new changes.

    We take the uptime and performance of our infrastructure very seriously, and we’re working hard to support the millions of customers that choose Coinbase to manage their cryptocurrency. If you’re interested in solving challenges like those listed here, come work with us.


    Incident Post Mortem: November 23, 2021 was originally published in The Coinbase Blog on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

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  • NFTs Go Their Own Way

    NFTs Go Their Own Way

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    The crypto world was always a little offbeat, but with NFTs that unpredictability is amplified. NFTs are a component of the crypto ecosystem, traded and HODLed and flipped for profit, or liable to get you rekt, and yet there are some factors that distinguish NFTs from the rest of crypto.

    Contempt

    That is a strong word: contempt. But, it is true, NFTs set off a visceral reaction in some people. Strangely enough, you will see this particularly in parts of the art and gaming worlds. It is odd because NFTs bring fascinating new avenues to both art and gaming, and if you don’t care to go down those avenues, you can just not go down those avenues.

    What I have seen is NFTs allowing artists and designers to take their work directly to the market, make initial profits, garner royalties and establish meaningful connections with enthusiastic collectors. And yet, NFTs have remained controversial in the art world. They are sniffed at as crass, trashy and irresponsible, but what could be more delicious than a bunch of sanctimonious art snobs having their party crashed?

    Among gamers, the reaction can be even worse. Discord was always the social platform of choice for gamers, and so it was interesting when it was taken up (along with Twitter) by NFT projects. But, when Discord implied that it might integrate NFTs, an outraged rabble of users threw a tantrum, causing the company to backpedal.

    A similar meltdown happened this month too, when OG games titan, Ubisoft announced it would be utilizing Tezos to produce blockchain games which include NFTs. Ubisoft has in fact been moving towards blockchain gaming for some time, but nonetheless, (some) gamers freaked out, and Ubisoft took down the trailer video for Quartz, its new NFT-incorporating gaming platform.

    These reactions are baffling to observe, but what’s really fun is the reaction of NFT creators, collectors and believers. Basically, they don’t give a flying one, because they have diamond hands and crystal balls (no, I mean, they can see the future).

    Emotional Attachment

    NFTs with utility may be a good investment, but up to now, the most famous and expensive NFTs have been based purely around visuals. And, being non-fungible, they are unique.

    This brings an additional component that distinguishes NFTs: emotional attachment. You will quickly offload a mid-cap altcoin as soon as you can make a profit. And, even with the more substantial coins whose fundamentals you believe in, and that you think have a long-term future, you might sell and buy back later.

    But, that 8-bit koala with the 3D glasses? The llama smoking a pipe? My collection of intergalactic monkeys? Forget it, mate, hands-off.

    A Few Good Traders

    There appear to be fewer competent NFT traders than there are decent crypto traders.

    Perhaps that is because NFTs attract a more arty design-focused crowd who are less interested in financial matters. There is the issue of emotional attachment, as mentioned. And, parts of the NFT world are based around collecting, which tends to mean people who hold on to what they buy, along with fewer potential takers if you decide to sell.

    But, I also sense that quick trading is a little scorned. It is one thing to sell a bag of coins, but with an NFT, a certain amount of creative work has gone into it, and it might be a philistine move to simply flip it for profit.

    Whether or not you care about being regarded as a philistine is another matter. But, from what I have witnessed, traders who intuit psychology, rather than those who focus on Technical Analysis, are likely to do better with NFTs.

    A Gateway Drug

    It used to be the case that people new to crypto were attracted by
     
     bitcoin 
    . Then, having bought in,
     
     altcoins 
    and their potential gains might exert some pull, and newcomers would start to experiment with other trades.

    It may now be that the sequence is happening in reverse. NFTs, through their links with visual arts, are an initial gateway into crypto. What’s more, the crypto that is first forayed into, if entering through NFTs, will not be bitcoin, but rather ETH, or possibly SOL, Tezos or ADA.

    If and when bitcoin comes into the equation then it is more likely as an endpoint, a place to park profits, rather than as an initial entry.

    Profits Stay in the System

    When you get big sales in the NFT space it’s likely that those profits will stay in the ecosystem. An ETH whale surfaces from the depths, hurls money at a new mint and the recipients of that money then cycle it down across other projects.

    And, this mechanism is not a bad thing, as wealth becomes distributed, liquidity flows and creativity is rewarded.

    The NFT world is sometimes characterized as nothing but profiteering scammers out to make a quick buck, but while there are scammers and cash-grabs to be wary of, there are a remarkable number of hyper-cheerful Web3 evangelists, who not only benefit personally from NFTs but work towards helping others to benefit too, and regard what they are doing as genuinely transformative.

    The crypto world was always a little offbeat, but with NFTs that unpredictability is amplified. NFTs are a component of the crypto ecosystem, traded and HODLed and flipped for profit, or liable to get you rekt, and yet there are some factors that distinguish NFTs from the rest of crypto.

    Contempt

    That is a strong word: contempt. But, it is true, NFTs set off a visceral reaction in some people. Strangely enough, you will see this particularly in parts of the art and gaming worlds. It is odd because NFTs bring fascinating new avenues to both art and gaming, and if you don’t care to go down those avenues, you can just not go down those avenues.

    What I have seen is NFTs allowing artists and designers to take their work directly to the market, make initial profits, garner royalties and establish meaningful connections with enthusiastic collectors. And yet, NFTs have remained controversial in the art world. They are sniffed at as crass, trashy and irresponsible, but what could be more delicious than a bunch of sanctimonious art snobs having their party crashed?

    Among gamers, the reaction can be even worse. Discord was always the social platform of choice for gamers, and so it was interesting when it was taken up (along with Twitter) by NFT projects. But, when Discord implied that it might integrate NFTs, an outraged rabble of users threw a tantrum, causing the company to backpedal.

    A similar meltdown happened this month too, when OG games titan, Ubisoft announced it would be utilizing Tezos to produce blockchain games which include NFTs. Ubisoft has in fact been moving towards blockchain gaming for some time, but nonetheless, (some) gamers freaked out, and Ubisoft took down the trailer video for Quartz, its new NFT-incorporating gaming platform.

    These reactions are baffling to observe, but what’s really fun is the reaction of NFT creators, collectors and believers. Basically, they don’t give a flying one, because they have diamond hands and crystal balls (no, I mean, they can see the future).

    Emotional Attachment

    NFTs with utility may be a good investment, but up to now, the most famous and expensive NFTs have been based purely around visuals. And, being non-fungible, they are unique.

    This brings an additional component that distinguishes NFTs: emotional attachment. You will quickly offload a mid-cap altcoin as soon as you can make a profit. And, even with the more substantial coins whose fundamentals you believe in, and that you think have a long-term future, you might sell and buy back later.

    But, that 8-bit koala with the 3D glasses? The llama smoking a pipe? My collection of intergalactic monkeys? Forget it, mate, hands-off.

    A Few Good Traders

    There appear to be fewer competent NFT traders than there are decent crypto traders.

    Perhaps that is because NFTs attract a more arty design-focused crowd who are less interested in financial matters. There is the issue of emotional attachment, as mentioned. And, parts of the NFT world are based around collecting, which tends to mean people who hold on to what they buy, along with fewer potential takers if you decide to sell.

    But, I also sense that quick trading is a little scorned. It is one thing to sell a bag of coins, but with an NFT, a certain amount of creative work has gone into it, and it might be a philistine move to simply flip it for profit.

    Whether or not you care about being regarded as a philistine is another matter. But, from what I have witnessed, traders who intuit psychology, rather than those who focus on Technical Analysis, are likely to do better with NFTs.

    A Gateway Drug

    It used to be the case that people new to crypto were attracted by
     
     bitcoin 
    . Then, having bought in,
     
     altcoins 
    and their potential gains might exert some pull, and newcomers would start to experiment with other trades.

    It may now be that the sequence is happening in reverse. NFTs, through their links with visual arts, are an initial gateway into crypto. What’s more, the crypto that is first forayed into, if entering through NFTs, will not be bitcoin, but rather ETH, or possibly SOL, Tezos or ADA.

    If and when bitcoin comes into the equation then it is more likely as an endpoint, a place to park profits, rather than as an initial entry.

    Profits Stay in the System

    When you get big sales in the NFT space it’s likely that those profits will stay in the ecosystem. An ETH whale surfaces from the depths, hurls money at a new mint and the recipients of that money then cycle it down across other projects.

    And, this mechanism is not a bad thing, as wealth becomes distributed, liquidity flows and creativity is rewarded.

    The NFT world is sometimes characterized as nothing but profiteering scammers out to make a quick buck, but while there are scammers and cash-grabs to be wary of, there are a remarkable number of hyper-cheerful Web3 evangelists, who not only benefit personally from NFTs but work towards helping others to benefit too, and regard what they are doing as genuinely transformative.

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  • Bent Finance confirms pool exploit, advises investors to withdraw funds

    Bent Finance confirms pool exploit, advises investors to withdraw funds

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    Staking and farming platform Bent Finance joins the list to become the sixth crypto establishment to get hacked in December. The acknowledgment of the attack was followed by requesting investors to withdraw their pool funds and disabling the reward claims on the compromised platform. 

    Bent Finance first realized the exploit on Monday at roughly 8:55 PM EST, a timeline when the company reported no loss of funds. However, the community suspected a rug-pull event when blockchain investigator PeckShield allegedly located the source of the hack transactions.

    “Yes, we see the same and are working through it right now,” said Bent Finance as the team appointed two independent white hat developers to get a better understanding of the unfolding situation. The company confirmed soon after:

    Bent Finance continues to advise its pool investors to withdraw the funds until the exploit is addressed with every update. However, the company has confirmed to recover all stolen funds from the Bent curve pool:

    “We recommend you withdraw from the protocol until further notice. We are not going anywhere and will recover from this one way or another.”

    According to crypto fraud investigator and former member of the US Secret Service Joe McGill of TRM Labs, the attackers managed to steal approximately 440 Ethereum (ETH), worth more than $1.6 million at the time of writing.

    McGill’s investigations hinted that the attack has been ongoing since Dec. 12, which contradicts Bent Finance’s finding that suspects the attacker’s presence over the network since Dec. 1.

    In December alone, five crypto companies — including Grim Finance, BitMart and AscendEX — cumulatively lost over $600 million as a direct result of a successful hack. However, further investigations are underway to identify the losses from the Bent Finance exploit.

    Bent Finance has not yet responded to Cointelegraph’s request for comment.

    Related: Indian prime minister Modi’s hacked Twitter account attempts BTC scam

    Running parallel to the ongoing exploits on crypto businesses, December was also a witness to a momentary compromise of Modi’s Twitter account, which was used to spread misinformation about Bitcoin’s (BTC) mainstream adoption in India.

    As Cointelegraph reported, hackers from unknown origins took control of the prime minister’s account on Dec. 12 with over 73.4 million followers to declare BTC as a legal tender in addition to announcing a 500 BTC giveaway for the Indian citizens.