Category: Investment

  • Bitcoin (BTC) Leads Weekly Crypto Inflows

    Bitcoin (BTC) Leads Weekly Crypto Inflows

    [ad_1]

    The institutional crypto inflows rebounded last week after Bitcoin-related products attracted significant investment. In total, investors poured nearly $71 million into BTC investment products.

    Last week, digital asset investment products saw inflows worth $85 million. In the past three weeks, total institutional inflows in crypto products have reached $133 million. Apart from Bitcoin, a wide range of altcoins have gained the attention of institutional investors recently.

    Solana, Polkadot and Cardano witnessed inflows totaling $2.4 million, $2.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Digital asset Terra saw a massive spike in inflows last week. Despite the rising popularity of BTC, SOL, DOT, ADA and LUNA among institutional investors, Ethereum saw a bearish trend with outflows totaling $8.5 million in the previous week.

    “Digital asset investment products saw inflows totaling US$85m last week, marking the 3rd week of inflows totaling US$133m, suggesting continued positive sentiment amongst investors. Total assets under management (AuM) now total US$52.4bn with January 24th marking the low point in the most recent run of negative sentiment. While Europe has seen inflows (US$10.3m), the majority has been from the Americas, particularly Brazil and Canada (US$75m),” CoinShares noted in its report.

    Bitcoin AUM

    Due to the market dip in December 2021 and January 2022, the overall value of global Bitcoin assets under management have declined substantially. According to the report from CoinShares, the total value of global BTC AUM reached $34.4 billion last week. Ethereum came in the second spot with almost $13 billion worth of assets under management.

    “Bitcoin continues to lead the inflows with US$71m last week, the largest since early December with this 3-week run of inflows totaling US$108m. Volumes in Bitcoin investment products remained low last week at US$1.8bn versus US$3.4bn the previous week,” CoinShares added.

    Yesterday, BTC jumped above the price level of $44,300 for the first time since 13 January 2022.

    The institutional crypto inflows rebounded last week after Bitcoin-related products attracted significant investment. In total, investors poured nearly $71 million into BTC investment products.

    Last week, digital asset investment products saw inflows worth $85 million. In the past three weeks, total institutional inflows in crypto products have reached $133 million. Apart from Bitcoin, a wide range of altcoins have gained the attention of institutional investors recently.

    Solana, Polkadot and Cardano witnessed inflows totaling $2.4 million, $2.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Digital asset Terra saw a massive spike in inflows last week. Despite the rising popularity of BTC, SOL, DOT, ADA and LUNA among institutional investors, Ethereum saw a bearish trend with outflows totaling $8.5 million in the previous week.

    “Digital asset investment products saw inflows totaling US$85m last week, marking the 3rd week of inflows totaling US$133m, suggesting continued positive sentiment amongst investors. Total assets under management (AuM) now total US$52.4bn with January 24th marking the low point in the most recent run of negative sentiment. While Europe has seen inflows (US$10.3m), the majority has been from the Americas, particularly Brazil and Canada (US$75m),” CoinShares noted in its report.

    Bitcoin AUM

    Due to the market dip in December 2021 and January 2022, the overall value of global Bitcoin assets under management have declined substantially. According to the report from CoinShares, the total value of global BTC AUM reached $34.4 billion last week. Ethereum came in the second spot with almost $13 billion worth of assets under management.

    “Bitcoin continues to lead the inflows with US$71m last week, the largest since early December with this 3-week run of inflows totaling US$108m. Volumes in Bitcoin investment products remained low last week at US$1.8bn versus US$3.4bn the previous week,” CoinShares added.

    Yesterday, BTC jumped above the price level of $44,300 for the first time since 13 January 2022.

    [ad_2]

    Source link

  • Bitcoin Settles Above $43,000, But What Does The 4-Year Cycle Say?

    Bitcoin Settles Above $43,000, But What Does The 4-Year Cycle Say?

    [ad_1]

    Bitcoin has already lost its footing above $44K after breaking the coveted point to much fanfare. The downtrend has not been significant in any way but the digital asset could still end up losing more ground before the end of the trading day. Nevertheless, it has been a good run for bitcoin coming out of the weekend. As the cryptocurrency has made its bottom above $43,000, what could be expected going forward?

    Bitcoin In Four-Year Cycles

    As bitcoin has settled above $43,000, looking at other metrics to figure out where the digital asset may be headed has become imperative. In this report, we take a look at bitcoin through 4-year cycles and what it has often meant for the asset. Four years is important to the movement of bitcoin given that things like halvings happen in such timeframes. But for this, we take a look at the monthly EMA50 and how it works as the last correctional support before takeoff.

    Related Reading | TA: Bitcoin is Surging, Why Bulls Could Aim More Upsides

    The monthly exponential moving average is calculated using the past 50 periods. It is used to obtain the average price at which an asset has been acquired over a 50-day period. Thus, making it a widely used support level.

    Over the years, at four-year intervals, the monthly EMA50 has served to show the final correction support for bitcoin. The first time was between 2009 to 2013, a four-year period that ended with the monthly EMA50 working as the final correction support. The same happens between 2013 and 2017, 2017 and 2021, with the next happening between 2021 and 2025.

    For each of these, the monthly EMA50 has always stopped highly than the previous four-year cycle. Likewise, the price of bitcoin has not gone below this point.

    If this stays true, then bitcoin is likely forming its support higher than $30,000. Continuing on, this trend would put the price of the digital asset as high as $220,000 over the next four years.

    bitcoin chart

    EMA50 marks four-year cycles | Source: TradingView.com

    BTC On The Charts

    Long-term, bitcoin shows tremendous promise. With adoption expected to rise and supply on the decline, it would impose scarcity on the asset, making it even more valuable. However, in the short term, BTC continues to struggle price-wise.

    Related Reading | The Bear Signal That Suggests Another Bitcoin Crash Is Coming

    After fighting its way out of a bear trend, it remains up to the bulls to pull out from underneath the bears. Market sentiment is getting better but still remains mostly negative, making investors wary of putting more money into the market.

    Bitcoin is now trading in the $43,500 territory at the time of this writing. It lost about $2K after bursting through $45,000 in the early hours of Tuesday. But it has begun to recover after falling near $43,000.

    Bitcoin price chart from TradingView.com

    BTC slips to $43K | Source: BTCUSD on TradingView.com
    Featured image from Tokeneo, charts from TradingView.com

    [ad_2]

    Source link

  • Quantitative Crypto Insight: an analysis of triangular arbitrage transactions in Uniswap v2 | by Coinbase | Feb, 2022

    Quantitative Crypto Insight: an analysis of triangular arbitrage transactions in Uniswap v2 | by Coinbase | Feb, 2022

    [ad_1]

    Coinbase

    By Indra Rustandi, Nabil Benbada, Yao Ma

    In traditional finance, an arbitrage is an opportunity to make a positive gain with virtually no risk involved by taking advantage of pricing discrepancies that are present in the markets. These pricing discrepancies are an indication that some inefficiencies are present in the markets.

    Arbitrageurs will exploit these opportunities to make a profit and thus remove the pricing discrepancies, bringing back the markets to a more efficient state.

    In FX markets, a typical arbitrage trade is the triangular arbitrage which involves at least 3 currencies:

    This arbitrage would take advantage of any deviation in price between the above three pairs.

    Here, in an efficient market, we should always have:

    In this example:

    Here, any deviation from this equilibrium will lead to an arbitrage opportunity. For example, if Euro was cheaper relative to USD.

    Uniswap is a decentralized exchange venue that allows two kinds of activities:

    1. Provide liquidity of a given pair of ERC-20 tokens
    2. Swap one ERC-20 token for another ERC-20 token

    For the remainder of the post, we will focus on the second version of Uniswap (Uniswap v2), first deployed in May 2020. And since we are interested in triangular arbitrage, let us first explain how a swap is priced.

    Uniswap belongs to the category of “constant-product market”. In this category, the product of the liquidities of the two ERC-20 tokens in the pair of interest is constant:

    For illustration purposes, say token A is WETH while token B is USDC, and we have in the WETH-USDC pool 1,000 WETH and 3,000,000 USDC. Then,

    Assume now that we want to swap 1 WETH to USDC, how much USDC can we obtain? Our trade would increase the liquidity for WETH to 1,001 WETH. In order to maintain the constant product, we have:

    So the amount of USDC that we receive in the swap is:

    So in our swap, we receive an effective WETH/USDC rate of 2,997.

    A few things to note here:

    • This example doesn’t include fees to focus on the pricing.
    • The effective WETH/USDC rate can change when we swap a different amount of WETH. This is called slippage. In this example, the effective price “slipped” by 3 USDC or 0.1%.
    • Our WETH/USDC rate is purely determined by the liquidities available in the venue and is not dependent on how WETH/USDC is quoted on other venues. This is yet another possible source of arbitrage, albeit one that is beyond the scope of this post.

    Based on the discussion so far on both triangular arbitrage and Uniswap, a natural question is how prevalent triangular arbitrage opportunities are in Uniswap v2. We try to answer this question indirectly by analyzing Uniswap v2 swap trades that take advantage of triangular arbitrage opportunities. More specifically, we focus on the following characteristics:

    • All the trades are executed in the same transaction to reduce the risk of prices moving and affecting the arbitrage opportunities.
    • All the trades involve only Uniswap v2. With this, we miss triangular arbitrage trades that involve multiple venues (e.g. simultaneous swaps on Uniswap and Sushiswap).
    • All the tokens involved in the trades offset except for one token: the gain token, for which the sender will gain more at the end of the trade series.

    After analyzing over 68 million Uniswap v2 swaps since Uniswap v2 was deployed until the end of 2021, we found 1,371,122 swaps grouped in 429,315 transactions taking advantage of triangular arbitrage opportunities in Uniswap v2.

    On a monthly basis, we see a pronounced peak in October 2020, while the number of trades taking advantage of triangular arbitrage opportunities have been decreasing since. There are many factors that might have caused this (rise of competing DEXes, arbitrage opportunities mechanically decreasing due to the market becoming more efficient…). We are currently exploring these leads to try and explain this behavior.

    Next, we see which tokens are most often used as gain tokens. WETH is the clear front runner here with 417,229 trades. 2nd-4th place are occupied by stablecoins: USDC, USDT, DAI. In total, we identified 123 distinct tokens used as gain tokens, but the top four tokens account for more than 99% of the trades.

    How many legs were typically used to trade these opportunities? A majority of these trades were done using three legs. Quite a significant number also involved up to 6 legs.

    How profitable are these trades? For WETH, a high proportion of the 417,229 trades involving WETH are profitable (about 94% when accounting for gas). The most profitable trade gained around 280 WETH, but the average and median gas-adjusted gains are much smaller (average: 0.08 WETH, median: 0.012 WETH).

    For USDC, the trade with the most gain accumulated more than 14,000 USDC, but on average, the gain was around 97 USDC, while the median gain was almost 28 USDC.

    Let us now consider the individual addresses (without revealing any specific ones) behind these trades. We found that these trades were initiated by 4,784 unique addresses, the most active of which initiated more than 16,000 trades. In total, 94 unique addresses initiated more than 1,000 trades each. When using WETH as the gain token, the most profitable address managed to accumulate more than 1,100 WETH as a result of its trades; in the case of USDC as the gain token, the most profitable address accumulated almost 35,000 in USDC.

    Last but not least, let us now discuss at a high level how these triangular arbitrage opportunities are detected and how the corresponding trades are executed.

    We need to monitor the prices, likely using an automated process, in the Uniswap v2 pools. Given the prices for various pairs, an algorithm can run a search to see which combinations of pairs give rise to triangular arbitrage opportunities, potentially also incorporating opportunities identified from pending transactions in the mempool.

    Once opportunities are identified, then we move to the execution aspect. One key consideration is minimizing slippage, and it naturally leads toward having the swaps being executed within a single transaction. Another consideration is avoiding front-running or sandwich attacks, for which Flashbots Auction can be beneficial.

    Here, we have just scratched the surface in terms of understanding and maximizing the potential of decentralized finance. We, as part of the Data Science Quantitative Research team, aim to get a good holistic understanding of this space from a quantitative perspective that can be used to drive new Coinbase products. We are looking for people that are passionate in this effort, so if you are interested in Data Science and in particular Quantitative Research in crypto, come join us.

    The analysis makes use of the Uniswap v2 subgraph made available through the Graph Protocol. Thanks to Luke Youngblood and Xavier Lu for their contribution and feedback.

    [ad_2]

    Source link

  • 4 key takeaways from KPMG Pulse of Fintech Report

    4 key takeaways from KPMG Pulse of Fintech Report

    [ad_1]

    As Bitcoin (BTC) and altcoins took a break from reaching new all-time highs, the market sentiment seems gloomy since the start of 2022. However, while the market seems to be sleeping, its trajectory shows that there’s more to look forward to in the coming months.

    Multinational professional services network KMPG published its biannual Pulse of Fintech report, where the firm tracks and analyzes developments and investments within the financial technology sector. The report highlighted the most notable developments in major regions like the Americas, Asia Pacific and EMEA, and pointed out the “surging interest” in crypto and blockchain in the past year.

    While the scope of the report covers a broader context, crypto and blockchain remained as one of the key topics. Here are the main takeaways from the Pulse of Fintech report by KPMG.

    Over $30 billion in investments entered crypto and blockchain

    From the $5.5 billion amassed in 2020, investments in the crypto and blockchain space rose to more than $30.2 billion in 2021. This shows that more companies have recognized that crypto and its technologies have potential roles to play in modern financial systems.

    Brian Heaver, KPMG US Managing Director thinks that 2021 is very significant for crypto when it comes to adoption.

    “There’s an incredible number of companies trying to do a lot of things in the crypto and blockchain space right now — and while we don’t know where all their efforts are going to land, there’s a ton of curiosity and interest in the possibilities.”

    Regtech focused on crypto despite the shift in Asia-Pacific

    Despite the outright crypto ban in China, technologies that help regulate crypto have been “a relatively hot area of investment” according to KPMG. The firm predicts that there may be more investments to come in regulation technology (regtech) solutions focusing on cryptocurrencies in the future.

    This may also make its way to Europe according to KPMG International’s Global Head of Regtech, Fabiano Gobbo.

    “While the US continued to attract the vast majority of investments in regtech, Europe is well-positioned to see growth heading into 2022.”

    Related: Global crypto adoption could ‘soon hit a hyper-inflection point’: Wells Fargo report

    Blockchain use cases are growing

    In 2021, as investors started to become more familiar with blockchain, interest in its various use cases has also grown. According to KPMG, the “universe of blockchain applicability” has expanded in 2021. The year spurred more interest in a wide range of blockchain applications, including multi-jurisdictional blockchain uses cases for data, research and analysis.

    Because of this, the firm also predicts that crypto will attract “investors of all types” including retail investors as well as corporate and institutional investors because of the increase in use cases.

    Singapore-based crypto investments grew more than tenfold

    As previously reported by Cointelegraph, crypto investments in Singapore grew very significantly in 2021. The global crypto hub recorded a whopping $1.48 billion in crypto-focused investments last year. This wildly surpasses its previous record in 2020 which was $110 million. The region’s crypto investments accounted for 5 percent of the total global investments in crypto in 2021. It also makes up a third of all investments in the fintech sector throughout the country.

    KPMG Singapore’s Head of Financial Services Advisory Anton Ruddenklau thinks that Singapore attracted investors that were previously looking into China, but are pushed away because of the crypto bans.

    “Singapore and India could be big winners on the investment front as investors and companies that might have gone to China look for opportunities elsewhere in the region.”